Northern soul is a music and dance movement that emerged from the British
mod scene, initially in northern England in the late 1960s. Northern soul mainly consists of a particular style of
black American soul music based on the heavy beat and fast tempo of the mid-1960s
Tamla Motown sound. The Northern soul movement, however, generally eschews Motown or Motown-influenced music that has met with significant mainstream success. The recordings most prized by genre enthusiasts are usually by lesser-known artists, and were initially released only in limited numbers, often by small regional United States labels such as Ric-Tic and Golden World (Detroit), Mirwood (Los Angeles) and Shout and
Okeh (New York/Chicago).
Northern soul is also associated with particular dance styles and fashions that grew out of the underground
rhythm & soul scene of the late 1960s, at venues such as the
Twisted Wheel in
Manchester. This scene (and the associated dances and fashions) quickly spread to other UK dancehalls and
nightclubs like the Catacombs (Wolverhampton), the Highland Rooms at
Blackpool Mecca,
Golden Torch (
Stoke-on-Trent), and
Wigan Casino. As the favoured beat became more uptempo and frantic, by the early 1970s, northern soul dancing became more athletic, somewhat resembling the later dance styles of
disco and
break dancing. Featuring spins, flips, and backdrops, club dancing styles were often inspired by the stage performances of visiting American soul acts such as
Little Anthony & The Imperials and
Jackie Wilson.
During the Northern soul scene's initial years in the late 1960s and early 1970s, popular Northern Soul records were usually not recent releases, and generally dated from the mid-1960s. This meant that the movement was sustained (and "new" recordings added to playlists) by prominent DJs discovering rare and previously overlooked records. Later on, certain clubs and DJs began to move away from the 1960s Motown sound and began to play new releases with a more contemporary sound.
Music, artists and records
![[Image: magnify-clip.png]](http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png)
Photograph of the original release (left) and a re-issue copy (right) of
Gloria Jones'
Tainted Love
In the book
Last Night A DJ Saved My Life: the history of the DJ, the authors describe northern soul as "a genre built from failures", stating: "...Northern Soul was the music made by hundreds of singers and bands who were copying the Detroit sound of Motown pop. Most of the records were complete failures in their own time and place... but in northern England from the end of the 1960s through to its heyday in the middle 1970s, were exhumed and exalted."
[22]
[edit] Music style
The music style most associated with northern soul is the heavy, syncopated beat and fast tempo of mid-1960s
Motown Records, which was usually combined with soulful vocals. These types of records, which suited the athletic dancing that was prevalent, became known on the scene as
stompers.
[23] Notable examples include Tony Clarkeâs "Landslide" (popularised by Ian Levine at Blackpool Mecca)
[24] and
Gloria Jonesâ "
Tainted Love" (purchased by Richard Searling on a trip to the United States in 1973 and popularised at Va Vaâs in Bolton, and later, Wigan Casino).
[25] According to northern soul DJ Ady Croadsell, viewed retrospectively, the earliest recording to possess this style was the 1965 single
I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie Honey Bunch) by
The Four Tops, although that record was never popular in the northern soul scene because it was too mainstream.
[26]
Other related music styles also gained acceptance in the northern soul scene. Slower, less-danceable soul records were often played, such as Barbara Mills' "Queen Of Fools" (popular in 1972 at the Golden Torch)
[27] and The Mobâs "I Dig Everything About You".
[28] Every all-nighter at Wigan Casino ended with the playing of three well-known northern soul songs with a particular
going home theme.
[29] Commercial pop songs that matched the up-tempo beat of the
stompers were also played at some venues, including The Ron Grainer Orchestraâs instrumental "Theme From Joe 90" at Wigan Casino
[30] and The Just Brothersâ surf-guitar song "Sliced Tomatoes" at Blackpool Mecca.
[31]
As the scene developed in the mid and late 1970s, the more contemporary and rhythmically sophisticated sounds of
disco and
Philly Soul became accepted at certain venues following its adoption at Blackpool Mecca. This style is typified musically by the
O'Jays' "I Love Music" (UK #13, January 1976), which gained popularity prior to its commercial release at Blackpool Mecca in late 1975. The record that initially popularised this change is usually cited as The Carstair's "It Really Hurts Me Girl" (Red Coach), a record initially released late in 1973 on promotional copies - but quickly withdrawn due to lack of interest from American Radio stations.
[32] The hostility towards any contemporary music style from northern soul traditionalists at Wigan Casino led to the creation of the spin-off
modern soul movement in the early 1980s.